{"id":4915,"date":"2026-09-04T13:04:23","date_gmt":"2026-09-04T11:04:23","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/barbancho.legal\/areas\/public-health-offenses\/"},"modified":"2026-09-04T15:09:38","modified_gmt":"2026-09-04T13:09:38","slug":"public-health-offenses","status":"publish","type":"areas","link":"https:\/\/barbancho.legal\/en\/areas\/public-health-offenses\/","title":{"rendered":"Public Health Offenses"},"content":{"rendered":"\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\">What the Criminal Code Says<\/h2>\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Article 368 punishes the cultivation, production, trafficking, or possession for trafficking of drugs. The penalty varies according to the substance: three to six years when it causes serious harm to health (cocaine, heroin) and less for those that do not (cannabis, hashish). Based on this, the aggravated types of Article 369 \u2014 notorious importance, organized crime \u2014 and the hyper-aggravated types of Article 370 apply.  <\/p>\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\">Possession, Personal Consumption, and Trafficking<\/h2>\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Not all possession is a crime: possession for personal consumption is not criminally punishable. The key is the intended use of the substance, and here, circumstantial evidence \u2014 quantity, dosage, weighing tools, fractional money \u2014 plays a role. A strong defense challenges this inference of trafficking.  <\/p>\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\">How We Defend<\/h2>\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">We begin with procedural aspects: the legality of body, vehicle, or home searches, judicial authorization when required, and the chain of custody of the substance. A nullity in any of these links can lead to acquittal. We also dispute the purity and quantity of the active principle, which is what jurisprudence takes as a reference, not the gross weight.  <\/p>\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\">International Dimension<\/h2>\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">A significant portion of these arrests affects foreign nationals in transit through airports such as Palma, Barcelona, Madrid, Malaga, or Ibiza. We defend on two levels: the Spanish criminal process and the consequences in the country of origin. We coordinate with lawyers and consulates, manage consular assistance, and provide services in German and English. When there is cross-border transport, we assess potential double jeopardy and the principle of ne bis in idem.   <\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>What the Criminal Code Says Article 368 punishes the cultivation, production, trafficking, or possession for trafficking of drugs. The penalty varies according to the substance: three to six years when it causes serious harm to health (cocaine, heroin) and less for those that do not (cannabis, hashish). Based on this, the aggravated types of Article [&hellip;]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"featured_media":4766,"parent":0,"template":"","class_list":["post-4915","areas","type-areas","status-publish","has-post-thumbnail","hentry"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/barbancho.legal\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/areas\/4915","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/barbancho.legal\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/areas"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/barbancho.legal\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/areas"}],"version-history":[{"count":1,"href":"https:\/\/barbancho.legal\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/areas\/4915\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":4916,"href":"https:\/\/barbancho.legal\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/areas\/4915\/revisions\/4916"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/barbancho.legal\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/4766"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/barbancho.legal\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=4915"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}